Я пытался, но не смог получить минимальный рабочий пример. Поскольку мне не нужно раскрывать большую часть моего кода на фортране для python, мне не нужен f2py для переноса больших его частей. Кроме того, из-за передачи выделяемых массивов и использования производных типов я специально хочу, чтобы f2py обертывал только созданный мной интерфейсный модуль (в следующем примере 'main.f90'). Но у меня проблемы с получением других модулей, которые я компилирую отдельно, для связи с моим основным модулем.
Код:
Обратите внимание, что все исходные файлы находятся в одном каталоге.
Я создал модуль fortran, который хочу скомпилировать (libtest.f90):
module testmod
implicit none
contains
subroutine testsub(arr)
real, allocatable, intent(in) :: arr(:,:)
print *, 'testsub executed'
end subroutine testsub
end module testmod
и модуль fortran, который я хочу обернуть с помощью f2py (main.f90):
module mainmod
use testmod
implicit none
contains
subroutine mainsub
real, allocatable :: arr(:,:)
call testsub(arr)
end subroutine main sub
end module mainmod
Я использую следующие команды компиляции:
gfortran -c -fPIC libtest.f90
который генерирует «libtest.o» и «testmod.mod», и
f2py -c --fcompiler=gfortran -L. -I. -llibtest -m Main main.f90
Что дает мне «ld: библиотека не найдена для -llibtest».
Я не понимаю, почему это происходит, так как это работает для других (F2PY не находит модуль). Если я возьму -llibtest, я, конечно, получу (в моем скрипте Python):
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./script.py", line 7, in <module>
import Main
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/gmueller/Workspace/Minimum_PySpin/Main.so, 2): Symbol not found: ___testmod_MOD_testsub
Referenced from: /Users/gmueller/Workspace/Minimum_PySpin/Main.so
Expected in: dynamic lookup
Изменить: обратите внимание, что я на OSX (10.9.5), на случай, если это имеет какое-то значение (но не должно, поскольку мне не нужно передавать какой-либо -shared (linux) или -dynamiclib (osx) в gfortran, верно? ).
Вот полный вывод f2py:
f2py -c --fcompiler=gfortran -L. -I. -llibtest -m Main main.f90
Unknown vendor: "gfortran"
running build
running config_cc
unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
running config_fc
unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
running build_src
build_src
building extension "Main" sources
f2py options: []
f2py:> /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Mainmodule.c
creating /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7
Reading fortran codes...
Reading file 'main.f90' (format:free)
Post-processing...
Block: Main
Block: mainmod
In: :Main:main.f90:mainmod
get_useparameters: no module testmod info used by mainmod
Block: mainsub
In: :Main:main.f90:mainmod:mainsub
get_useparameters: no module testmod info used by mainsub
Post-processing (stage 2)...
Block: Main
Block: unknown_interface
Block: mainmod
Block: mainsub
Building modules...
Building module "Main"...
Constructing F90 module support for "mainmod"...
Constructing wrapper function "mainmod.mainsub"...
mainsub()
Wrote C/API module "Main" to file "/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Mainmodule.c"
Fortran 90 wrappers are saved to "/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Main-f2pywrappers2.f90"
adding '/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.c' to sources.
adding '/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7' to include_dirs.
copying /usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.c -> /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7
copying /usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.h -> /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7
adding '/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Main-f2pywrappers2.f90' to sources.
build_src: building npy-pkg config files
running build_ext
customize UnixCCompiler
customize UnixCCompiler using build_ext
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Found executable /usr/local/bin/gfortran
customize Gnu95FCompiler using build_ext
building 'Main' extension
compiling C sources
C compiler: gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes
creating /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var
creating /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders
creating /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg
creating /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq
creating /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T
creating /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8
creating /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7
compile options: '-I. -I/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7 -I/usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c'
gcc: /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.c
In file included from /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.c:2:
In file included from /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.h:13:
In file included from /usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h:4:
In file included from /usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:17:
In file included from /usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1804:
/usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:15:2: warning: "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by " "#defining NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-W#warnings]
#warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by " \
^
1 warning generated.
gcc: /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Mainmodule.c
In file included from /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Mainmodule.c:17:
In file included from /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.h:13:
In file included from /usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h:4:
In file included from /usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:17:
In file included from /usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1804:
/usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:15:2: warning: "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by " "#defining NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-W#warnings]
#warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by " \
^
1 warning generated.
compiling Fortran 90 module sources
Fortran f77 compiler: /usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
Fortran f90 compiler: /usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
Fortran fix compiler: /usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -Wall -g -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
compile options: '-I. -I/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7 -I/usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c'
extra options: '-J/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/ -I/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/'
gfortran:f90: main.f90
compiling Fortran sources
Fortran f77 compiler: /usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
Fortran f90 compiler: /usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
Fortran fix compiler: /usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -Wall -g -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
compile options: '-I. -I/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7 -I/usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c'
extra options: '-J/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/ -I/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/'
gfortran:f90: /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Main-f2pywrappers2.f90
/usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -Wall -g -undefined dynamic_lookup -bundle /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Mainmodule.o /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.o /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/main.o /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Main-f2pywrappers2.o -L. -L/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin/4.8.2 -llibtest -lgfortran -o ./Main.so
ld: library not found for -llibtest
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
ld: library not found for -llibtest
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: Command "/usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -Wall -g -undefined dynamic_lookup -bundle /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Mainmodule.o /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.o /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/main.o /var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/var/folders/yg/65v1lbd153v1jlt1kb91vcbm0000gq/T/tmpJSf2e8/src.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/Main-f2pywrappers2.o -L. -L/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin/4.8.2 -llibtest -lgfortran -o ./Main.so" failed with exit status 1